The Songs Of Experience By William Blake - 1555 Words

In class, we spent time reading and analyzing the various texts of William Blake. Some of his well-known texts are known as the Songs of Innocence, as well as the Songs of Experience. In the Songs of Experience, one particular piece caught my attention: A Poison Tree. It was not given time to discuss in class, as it was paired with several other poems from both books. This lack of time was due to the many texts that we had to review in that single session, but it is a reading that I felt needed to be discussed this semester as I find it completely and totally Blake. The text is found well into the Songs of Experience, and it is only a mere sixteen lines long. A Poison Tree may be brief, but it is quite descriptive. In short, the poem tells of a friend and a foe and how the story-teller treats them both in a time of anger. The point of view is explanatory of his/her wrath and how it affects each party in the speaker’s life. The author makes a point to talk about how his enemy came to die. In my opinion, I think that the question whether the death of his foe is literal or more metaphorical can be questioned, but he spares no detail in the emotion during his plans of making his enemy no more. If we are lead to believe that the poem in its entirety is more of a metaphor than a literal translation, it would be lead to assume that the growth of the apple in A Poison Tree is nothing more than a symbolic visualization of the wrath the speaker is growing from the very beginningShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake Songs of Innocence Experience1256 Words   |  6 PagesSweeper† Songs of Innocence amp; Experience analysis with, William Blake In 1794 William Blake’s work was known and published as a collection of poems that were put together as one book called Songs of innocence amp; Songs of Experience. In the collection Blake titles a poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, and this one is viewed in two ways: Innocence and experience. In the book of innocence Blake shows how poor innocent children are being abused and mistreated during this time era. In Songs of innocenceRead MoreSongs of Innocence and of Experience by William Blake925 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Blake writes his poems in â€Å"Songs of Innocence and of Experience† in a manner of retrospective self-analysis. Blake writes, attempting to understand the differences and paradoxes that he has observed. In his poem â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake’s artful questioning of the paradoxes in creation is exemplified. Blake poses questions that he does not answer, however his purpose is almost certainly to come to terms with creation’s idiosyncrasies, and to come to a better understanding of existence. AlthoughRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreWilliam Blake s Songs Of Innocence And Experience1268 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience, printed in 1794, â€Å"represents the world as it is envisioned by what he calls ‘two contrary states of the human soul’† (Greenblatt, 1452). This collection of poetry is accompanied by pictures, which create a mutually reliant relationship that allows for complete understanding of Blake’s works. â€Å"To read a Blake poem without the pictures is to miss something important: that relationship is an aspect of the poem’s argumen t† (1452). Overall, Blake’s worksRead MoreAnalysis Of The Songs Of Innocence And Experience By William Blake1208 Words   |  5 Pages London in the late 18th century was full of poverty and corruption, according to poet William Blake. It was a city with no hope for poor people, and the government and church did little to help this. Among the poor were children working in slave-like conditions to feed their families and going to charity schools. Blake puts these children at the center of his piece to show the hypocritical nature of the church and how innocent people are suffering from it. He takes on two angles from the same topic:Read MoreSongs Of Innocence And Of Experience By William Blake Analysis868 Words   |  4 PagesSongs of Innocence and of Experience is the foundation of the work of one of the greatest. English poets and artists. The two sets of poems reveal what William Blake calls â€Å"the two contrary states of the human soul.† In both series, he offers clues to deeper meanings and suggests ways out of the apparent trap of selfhood, so that each reading provides greater insight and understanding, not only to the poems but also to human life. Throughout this poem, the logic of this poem favors experience ratherRead MoreSongs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by William Blake Essay example1126 Words   |  5 PagesUpon reading William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, a certain parallel is easily discerned between them and Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Blake, considered a radical thinker in his time, is today thought to be an important and seminal figure in the literature of the Romantic period. Being such a figure he has no doubt helped to influence many great thinkers throughout history, one of whom I believe is Carroll. There are many instances throughout Carroll’sRead MoreThe Songs Of Innocence And Experience William Blake Analysis1751 Words   |  8 Pagesreligions have different gods, traditions, and ceremonies, but they all have one thing in common; people take different viewpoints of a religion to fit into their mindset. William Blake uses this idea to express how he believes people see Christianity and God. In his series named â€Å"The Songs of Innocence and Experience,† Blake creates the image of opposing views of similar situations. The poems show the views of the innocent and the experienced. The innocent takes on the roles to show how naivetyRead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pagesall describe William Blake’s life (Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blakeâ €™s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At the age of twenty-one, Blake completed hisRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Blake1631 Words   |  7 Pagesinspire your work and success. William Blake was a famous artist, engraver and poet. However, it was not until 1863 that he became famous when Alexander Gilchrist published his biography(Blake, William, and Geoffrey Keynes).Blake and his poetry have been compared to Shakespeare (Kathleen Raine). As an artist Blake was equated to Michelangelo. Being born during the time of both the American and French Revolution, William Blake was against both the Church and the State. Blake was a Dualist, believing the

The University Of Texas At El Paso - 1831 Words

Team Paper: Academic Achievement Gap Superheroes Carlos Portillo, Edgar Arciva, Jose Morales, Makeda Buggs, Raul Ramirez The University of Texas at El Paso Empirical Article Summaries Article 1 The purpose of this study was to investigate how negative stereotypes affect the achievement gaps. The current study examined how boys see themselves pertaining to these negative stereotypes (e.g. boys think of themselves as academically underachievers in comparisons to girls) and how believing these stereotypes can become true because this is what they believe it is expected of them (e.g. children believing that adults support this negative stereotype). Furthermore, the current study emerged from previous research that show how boys are†¦show more content†¦Another way was by responding verbally to boy or girl. The second DV measure was conducted by asking children meta-stereotypic questions (e.g. who do grown-ups think will do better at school boys or girls). Using between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that in academic gender stereotypes, girls believed they are academically superior to boys F (1,203) = 41.50, p .001. Furthermore, results show that boys favor the idea that girls are academically superior as they advance through school F (4, 203) = 12.86, p .001. In academic gender meta-stereotypes results were analyze by using between- subjects ANOVA. Results for the second DV provided insight on girls belief of academic gender meta-stereotypes did not increase as they advance through school F (4, 203) = 0.52, p = .719 whereas boys believe that adults seeing girls as academically superior did increase as they advance through school F (4, 203) = 12.24, p .001. Findings in the current study suggest that boys believe that girls are academically superior to them, but they also believe that adults share the same belief as they do (Hartley Sutton, 2013). Article 2 While our basis of interest is how stereotypes affect student performance academically, the empirical article of â€Å"Mining a Written Values Affirmation

gatdream Pursuit of the American Dream in F. Scott Essay Example For Students

gatdream Pursuit of the American Dream in F. Scott Essay Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Great Gatsby EssaysFree Essays Pursuit of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is central to many novels. This dream is different for different people, but in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream and in order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the central figure of the story, is one character who longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the affluent Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to amass wealth to reach her economic standards. Once he acquires this wealth, he moves near to Daisy, Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay (83), and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from a distance. When this dream doesnt happen, he asks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, He wants to know.. .if youll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over (83). Gatsbys personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when he takes the blame for Myrtles death. Was Daisy driving? Yes but of course Ill say I was. (151) He also watches and protects Daisy as she returns home. How long are you going to wait? All night if necessary. (152) Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. He believes that he acted for a good beyond his personal interest and that should guarantee success. Nick attempts to show Jay the folly of his dream, but Jay innocently replies to Nicks assertion that the past cannot be relived by saying, Yes you can, old sport. This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfilling his American Dream. For Jay, his American Dream is not material possessions, although it may seem that way. He only comes into riches so that he can fulfill his true American Dream, Daisy.Gatsby doesnt rest until his American Dream is finally fulfilled. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. The idea of the American Dream still holds true in todays time, be it wealth, love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the American Dream;everyone desires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to get it. Gatsby is a prime example of pursuing the American Dream.

One Hundred Years Of Solitude Essays - Thousand Cranes, Clotho

One Hundred Years of Solitude Since the beginning of time, man has clung to the notion that there exists some external force that determines his destiny. In Grecian times, the epic poet Hesoid wrote of a triumvirate of mythological Fates that supposedly gave "to men at birth evil and good to have". In other words, these three granted man his destiny. Clotho "spun the thread of life", Lacheis distributed the lots, and Atropos with his "abhorred shears" would "cut the thread at death"(Hamilton-43). All efforts to avoid the Fates were in vain. In every case their sentence would eventually be delivered. And it appears that once the Fates' ballot had been cast, the characters in Greek myths had no chance for redemption. One must wonder if man, like the Greeks portrayed, has any real choice in determining how he lives. That issue of choice arises when comparing Gabriel Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude and Yasunari Kawabata's Thousand Cranes. The men in Yasunari Kawabata's Thousand Cranes and Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude forever seem to be repeating the lives of their male ancestors. These cycles reveal that man as a being, just like the mythological heros, has no true choice in the ultimate course his life will take. The male characters' personal development is overshadowed by the identity of their ancestors. Clotho, it appears, has recycled some of her spinning thread. The new male generations, superficially, are perceived to be woven of like design. Kikuji Mitani and the male Buendia's face communities that remember their ancestors. As a result, their unique communities inadvertently compare the actions of the sons to their respective fathers', having recognized the apparent similarities. Eclipsed by his father's aura, within his village, Kikuji's identity has no separate definition. To most townsfolk, like those at Chikako's tea ceremony, Kikuji exists as "Old Mr. Mitani's son"(16). He and his father are therefore viewed as essentially the same person. Kikuji can take no action to change the village's preformed perception. In contrast, The Aurelianos and Jose Arcadios have been set into a self that their name, not their upbringing, dictate. Ursula, after many years drew some conclusions about "the insistent repetition of names"(106) within the Buendia family. While the eldest Jose Arcadio Buendia was slightly crazy, his raw maleness is transferred to all the Jose Arcadio's that follow. They tended to be "impulsive and enterprising" though "marked with a tragic sign"(186). On the other hand, the Aurelianos, corresponding to the open-eyed Colonel, seem to be "indifferent"(15) and "withdrawn"(186) yet sparked with a "fearless curiosity"(15). The Aurelianos' tendency towards solitude that shut the Colonel away in his later years, would generations later, give his distant descendant Aureliano Babilonia the stamina to decipher Melquiades scriptures(422). Together, this perfunctory family tradition seemed to influence the course these men's live's would take in the same way that Kikuji's perception by his community lopped him into the path of his father. And just as Kikuji could not change the villages preformed opinions, the named Buendia males can have no hand in changing their given characters. The men's selection of lovers, in turn, continues to perpetuate their cycle of behavior shared with their relatives. Despite warnings, Kikuji Mitani and the Buendia men engage in hazardous sexual activity that harbors grave consequences. Lacheis' lots, in this case, are inevitable. Choice and independent action are impossible for these men since Lacheis has distributed the familial key to their female attractions. There is an eerie twist in Kikuji's Mitani's love affairs with his father's mistress and her daughter. His first encounter with Mrs. Ota leaves Kikuji suspicious of the affair where agewise, "Mrs. Ota was at least forty-five , some twenty years older than Kikuji"(28). However, despite the generation gap, during their encounter Kikuji had felt that he "had a woman younger than he in his arms"(28). Mrs. Ota had substituted Kikuji as his father, thus forcing Kikuji to follow in his fathers footsteps. Kikuji is not oblivious to the strange path his love life seems to be taking, yet he does nothing to resist. Instead, a defiant Kikuji asserting that he had not been seduced determines, it was something else that had drawn him to her. The "something else" was

Lifelong Learning Plan

Mission Nowadays, the ever-developing world puts great responsibilities on personal development of modern people. One of the key success factors in such dynamic environment is flexibility in both thought and action which is attainable through constant renovation and update of one’s educational experience.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Lifelong Learning Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lifelong learning becomes the key to one’s ultimate success in all spheres of life, including inter alia employment and health (Field, 2006). Considering the objective inability of standard education to satisfy the immediate ever-changing need for innovatory knowledge during one’s whole life, it appears most reasonable to work out a lifelong learning plan so that the need for development and adaptation is fulfilled. In addition, individual lifelong learning plan is the more successful that it satisfies the requirements of flexibility: it is much easier to adapt an individual plan to the ever-changing environment rather than revolutionize a whole organization. Environment Since the pace of development in modern world is extreme, any long-term planning should be approached with caution. One never knows how the course of development will proceed in the long run, therefore it appears more reasonable to set up an individual lifelong learning plan that would not exceed the coming decade. This period is both long enough to allow of setting considerable learning objectives, and short enough not to find oneself at a loss as a result of mistaken planning. A decade’s time is enough for a modern individual to attain significant knowledge, as well as develop one’s abilities that lead to a successful career in the chosen sphere. Vision Any learning is impossible without proper learning sources that provide adequate information and guidance on the studied issue. Since the present l ifelong learning plan is devised for the spheres of general management and health care administration, there are two crucial sources that may serve as instructive inspiration during the learning process. For the first sphere concerning general management, it appears necessary to utilize Michael Useem’s (1998) work The leadership moment: Nine true stories of triumph and disaster and their lessons for us all. This collection of real-life occurrences, which put managers and leaders in extreme situations and forced them to employ all their managerial wisdom into solving those issues, teaches many valuable lessons to the reader as well.Advertising Looking for article on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The secrets and strategies of managing are disclosed in a lively and understandable context, with practical implications obvious and therefore more impressive. The recommended second source, dealing with health care issues, would be Cases in health services management by Rakich, Longest and Darr (2004). This case collection is valuable for its broad scope of discussed issues that range from quality improvement to strategic planning, include cases of ethical dilemmas, as well as issues of cost-benefit analyses and resource utilization. The learning impact of both sources mentioned is especially high due to the case method they employ for teaching valuable lessons of management. Additionally, the cases discussed in those works appeal to the learner with their multifacetedness which allows of reconsidering them from various points of view depending on the learning situation. Goals A lifelong learning plan as such may seem an ambitious undertaking, but once it is neatly structured in a set of goals it appears much more comprehensible. In order to establish the range of goals to achieve, it is essential to realize what changes might occur in the given time within health care management and consequen tly to work out the ways one should direct one’s lifelong learning to keep abreast with the developments of the time. The line of development of health care management in the coming decade can be envisaged as evolving in response to the evolution in organization and delivery of health care. The goals of a lifelong learning plan for a health care manager should therefore involve continuous adaptation and upgrading of managerial standards and strategies in response to the ever-changing situation. A constantly developing health care manager should also build his/her activities in compliance with the technical achievements of health care industry that allow of new managerial techniques and approaches. Moreover, the development within the lifelong learning plan should consider the current medical situation in the professional environment: health care management should correspond to the current needs of the patients in the given place and at the given time.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Lifelong Learning Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Last but not least, lifelong learning plan should have as its goal not only isolated personal development but also creating a learner-friendly environment that would allow sharing knowledge in a larger community of health care managers. Strategies In order to achieve the aforementioned goals of the lifelong learning plan, the health care manager should work out certain winning strategies that would lead him/her to success. For the purpose of adapting and upgrading managerial standards, it is vital to observe the current trends in health care management and develop a flexible approach that would allow meeting the needs of every individual situation. Technical modernity is promoted via openness to technical innovation and recognition of its importance for creating a contemporary health care institution. With the view of satisfying the individual req uirements of patients at a given time moment, the health care manager is required to possess sufficient up-to-date information on the contemporary health concerns of a given community.Finally, the requirement of constant knowledge sharing among health care managers necessitates creation of opportunities for information exchange and analysis. Tactics In the short-term range, the number of steps to undertake in order to realize the aforementioned strategies for lifelong learning plan is quite high. One thing that appears vital is maintaining one’s learning activities constantly; this can be achieved through variegating them and connecting them with one’s daily working practice. Thus for one thing, observation of current trends in health care management is possible through observing the experience of major health care establishments. The news of technical achievements and current medical picture of the community are available through firstly, own-conducted surveys and res earch and secondly, through regular reviewing up-to-date publications in related editions. The favorable environment for group learning is created through establishing and actively participating in workshops and conferences of healthcare managers. In addition to those tactics, it is worth creating certain topical self-assessment modules that would stipulate the information to learn at a given period of time, as well as the study questions to be answered and practical tasks to be solved on the basis of that information.Advertising Looking for article on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Within those module both theoretical and practical assignments should be completed: theory can be drawn from multiple informative publications on health care, and practical tasks arise from everyday managerial activities. It goes without saying that the most efficient and sensible way to conduct lifelong learning is always to connect practice with theory and make sure that the latter serves the needs of the former. Monitoring Lifelong learning process makes sense as long as it yields certain results. In order to understand whether the expected outcomes are achieved or not, it is essential to carry out monitoring via a set of various procedures. The most available and immediate monitoring is conducted through self-analysis and own reflection on the course of actions. Keeping a neat and detailed record of one’s long-term and short-term plans and ways of their realization would create a clear picture of the ways things go for the health care manager in the process of life learni ng. It would be logical to assume that if the goals are achieved, then the strategies and tactics have been chosen correctly; if not, then the strategies and tactics should be amended correspondingly. In addition to self-assessment, solicitation of colleague opinions is absolutely vital. An objective detached view would point out the advantages and disadvantages of one’s actions, sometimes doing it more clearly due to impartiality and freshness of perception. Therefore colleagues feedback should be gathered constantly, either directly (through immediate conversation) or indirectly (through observing colleagues’ cooperativeness and willingness to collaborate). Risk factors Achieving success in one’s lifelong learning is subject to action of certain risk factors that may either benefit or hinder one’s success. Among the crucial helping factors, information technology plays a role that is hard to overestimate. Learning as gaining, processing, creating, and s haring information is immensely facilitated by the ever-developing information technology and there is hope that this process continues on to the coming decade. Professional factors, such as availability or absence of knowledgeable interlocutors who can share and develop knowledge, can play either a positive or a negative role correspondingly. Last but not least, the success or failure of one’s lifelong learning plan crucially depends on personal factors. For one thing, the personality of the learner influences the learning process: such characteristics as stamina, self-organization, motivation, and openness to new ideas are indispensable to successful learning. For another thing, the personality of the people who may potentially share knowledge also matters: whether they are friendly and willing enough to cooperate is a decisive factor for obtaining the desired information. References Field, J. (2006). Lifelong learning and the new educational order (2nd ed.). Sterling, VA: Trentham Books Limited. Rakich, J. S., Longest, B. B., Darr, K. (Eds.). (2004). Cases in health services management (4th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press. Useem, M. (1998). The leadership moment: Nine true stories of triumph and disaster and their lessons for us all. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press. This article on Lifelong Learning Plan was written and submitted by user Senator Bail to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Community Health Essay Example

Community Health Essay Example Community Health Essay Community Health Essay Occasionally, two or three high school seniors would be caught ranking beer purchased at a store in a nearby town. Yet these isolated incidents gave no indication of Kensington impending drug problem. Within the past year, the climate Of the town had changed considerably. Incidents of teenagers being arrested for possession of alcohol or even other drugs, such as marijuana, were being reported more regularly in the newspaper. There seemed to be more reports of burglaries, too. There had even been a robbery and two assaults reported within the last month. The population of young adults in the community seemed to be increasing, and many of these seemed to be driving impressive cars, using the hottest new digital devices, and wearing the latest clothes. All of these signs were obvious to a group of concerned citizens in Kensington and suggested the possibility of a drug problem. So the concerned citizens decided to take their concern to the city council. Questions 1-6 1. What is the real problem? No one wanting to admit that Kensington had a drug problem. 2. Who do you think the gatekeepers are in the community? The concerned citizens of Kensington. 3. What groups of people in the community might be most interested in solving the problem? The Kensington city council. 4. What groups might have a vested interest in seeing the problem remain unsolved? The people selling and buying the drugs. 5. What interventions would be useful in dealing with the problem? Jail time for those caught selling or using the drugs. 6. Unmarried Mothers compared to married counterparts, generally have -lower education -lower incomes -greater dependence on welfare assistance Prenatal Care with Teen Mothers Teen mothers are less likely to receive early prenatal care Teen Mom Stats 1/3 of Teen girls get pregnant at least once before age 20 Stats of Unintended Pregnancies 1/2 of pregnancies in U.S. are unintended How many unintended pregnancies end in abortion? 40% Unintended pregnancies associated with negative health behaviors Title X or Family Planning Act Frederal program that provides funds for family planning services for low-income people -nations major program to reduce unintended pregnancy by providing contraceptive and other reproductive health care services to low-income women. Who was Planned Parenthood started by? A labor and delivery nurse named Margaret Sanger in Brooklyn, NY in 1942 Planned Parenthood Original Name The National Birth Control League Planned Parenthood Funding Receives 1/5th of Title X funds Abortion Legalization Legalized in early stages of pregnancy (up until 12 weeks) since 1973 (Roe Vs. Wade) Amount of legal Abortions preformed in US since 1973 50 million Maternal Death death while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy Classifications of maternal death direct, indirect, or unspecified Since 1982, the maternal death rate has remained relatively the same with black women being 4 times more likely than white women to die from pregnancy Prenantal Health Care Medical care from time of conception until birth procress Three Major Components of Prenatal Health Care 1. Risk Assessment 2. Treatment of Medical Condionts or Risk Reduction 3. Education What does prenatal care do? Lowers the likelihood of low birth weight babies What is low birth weight? 5.5 lbs or less Infant health depends on: -Mothers health behavior -Mothers level of prenatal care -Quality of delivery -Nutrition -Immunizations -Infants environment after birth (Home, family, medical services) -Access to a neonatalogist Infant Mortality (death) Death of a child younger than 1 year Neonatal Mortality death from birth to 28 days Post-neonatal mortality death from 28 days to 1 year Between the years of 1980 to 2000, infant mortality declined, but has remained stable since then Improving Infant Health:Low birth weight SINGLE most important factor in neonatal death Improving Infant Health: Cigarette Smoking leading modifiable cause of low birth weight Improving Infant Health: Alcohol and Other Drugs can cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Improving Infant Health: Breastfeeding Do it Improving Infant Health Education of SIDS Childhood Mortality Rates have generally declined in past few decades Unintentional injuries leading cause of death in children (What kind?) specifically, motor vehicle related deaths, especially those not wearing seat belts/restraints Childhood Morbidity Sickness Cause of Childhood Morbidity Unintentional Injuries -Significant economic, emotional and disabling impact Child Maltreatment Infectious Diseases -Importance of immunization schedule (This is complicated! Make sure to keep track of this as a parent!) Community problems -Federal Government has over 35 programs in 16 different agencies to serve needs of nations children Maternal and Child Health Bureau: Title V ONLY federal legislation dedicated to improving the health of mothers and children Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) -Established in 1990 to administer Title V funding -Accomplishes goals through 4 core public health services WIC A special supplemental food program from women, infants, and children sponsored by the USDA; est. 1974 WIC eligibility requirements residency in application state income requirements at nutrtional risk WIC: 2008 9.5 million participants: nearly half of all infants born in US, 1/4 of children ages 1-5 WIC success? VERY successful/ost effective Children without Health Assistance more likely to have care delayed or receive no care for health problems Medicaid low income individuals and families; children are slightly more than half of all Medicaid beneficiaries CHIP targest uninsured children whose families dont qualify for Medicaid FMLA-Family and Medical Leave Act -Grants 12 weeks unpaid job protected leave to men or women after birth of child, adoption or illness in immediate family Child Care Stats 13 million children younger than 6 in child care every day -Family Support Act -At Risk Childcare Program Childrens Defense Fund Never accepted federal money, relies entirely on donations United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) only organization of the UNs assigned exclusively for children Infant and Maternal Health health of women of child-bearing age from pre-pregnancy through pregnancy, labor and delivery, and the post partum period and the health of the child prior to birth through adolescence Family marriage or having two parents, important family characteristics to a childs well-being Teen mothers are more likely to: -smoke during pregnancy -have preterm births -have low birth weight babies -have pregnancy complications Unintended Pregnancy mistimed or unwanted Negative health behaviors associated with UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES -delayed prenatal care -inadequate weight gain -smoking, alcohol and other drug use State with Highest teen pregnancy rate Mississippi State with lowest teen pregnancy rate: New Hampshire Title X or Family Planning Act -supports 61% of the 4000+ family planning clinics in the U.S. -over 5 million women received care at clinics founded by Title X Heartbeat Bill -must have ultrasound 24 hours before abortion -must hear heartbeat before abortion Roe Vs. Wade -Dallas, Texas -Norma McCorvy (9 months pregnant) wanted an abortion because of rape. -Won Gag Rule -1981-Reagan docs/nurses cannot counsel women about abortion in federally funded clinics Doe V. Bolton along with Roe Vs. Wade in Georgia-same ruling Leading Cause of Infant Death -congenital abnormalities -preterm/low birthweight, SIDS Premature Birth less than 38 weeks Cost of Premature Birth $51,000 Federal Government Community Problems -only available to people who fit into a specific group -many people fall through the cracks Title V Infastructure building, population-based, enabling and direct health care services What is the only industrialized nation that was NOT enacted a paid infant-care leave program or law? United States What are the ages of adolescents and young adults? (15-24) Adolescent is regarded as puberty to maturity Young Adult is considered one of the most difficult time periods Adults are ages 25-64 Decade of Decision 18-28 What percent of the population are adolescents and young adults? 14% Youths are increasingly being raised in what kind of families? single-parent families Young adults complete. physical growth and experience significant life changes Adolescent/ Youth Adult Mortality -significant decline in death rates over past several decades: mostly due to advances in medicine and injury and disease prevention -male mortality rate higher than female -lowest mortality rate: Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders -Most threats stem from behavior rather than disease Adolescent/Youth Adult Mortality: Unintentional injuries 46.5% Adolescent/Youth Adult Mortality: Homicide 16% Adolescent/Youth Adult Mortality: Suicide 12% Top three causes of adolescent/youth adult mortality 1. Car Accidents (46.5%) 2. Homicide (16%) 3. Suicide (12%) Adolescent/Youth Adult Mortality: Homicide and Suicide Rates up 200-300% over last 50 years Violence in Teens 1/6 of high school students carry a weapon at school Tobacco Use in Teens Decreases but 1/5 of students are smokers: White students are more likely to smoke than black or hispanic Sexual behaviors of Teens unintended pregnancies and STDs Aged 65+ Aging continuation of older and old and older Gerontology covers broad process of aging Geriatrics branch of medicine Geriatician physician or clinician specifically targeting elderly population Young Old 65-74 Middle Old 75-84 Old old 85+ Elders represent what percent of the population? 12.8% 1 in every 8 Americans age 65+ Ageism prejudice and discrimination against the aged Common myths not accurate representation of elders -majority of elders today are active and well -many still working -many strongly engaged in community, volunteer, and advocacy programs Normal Blood Pressure 120/80 Size and growth of elder population Americas population has drastically shifted ; other countries have shifted as well ; ; Population Pyramid describe aging of populations gastest growing segment of older population 85+ Baby Boomers Birth Years 1946-1964 How many babies born during Baby Boom? 70 million + Elder mortality rates life expectancy has continued to increase-especially in the 20th century Migration movement of people from one country to another can affect population size Immigration people coming in Emigration people going out Net Migration total population gain or loss from immigration and emigration 3 Factors affecting population size and age 1. Fertility Rates ; 2. Mortality Rates ; 3. Migration Dependency Ratio (Age matters) ; economically unproductive to economically productive ; -traditionally definied by age (19-64 was productive) ; -can be used for social policy decision making Labor Force Ratio (age DOESNT matter) number of people actually working and those who are not Future Dependency and Labor Force Ratios ratio of workers to dependents will be lower in the future than today Demographic variables impacting elders -marital status -living arrangements -racial and ethnic composition -geographic distribution -economic status Marital Status of Elders -3/4 of elder men are married -just over 1/2 of elder women are married Elder women 3x more likely to be widowed -men have shorter life expectancies -men tend to marry women younger than selves -men more likely to remarry after loss of spouse Number of divorced elders continues to rise -new concerns: lack of retirement benefits, insurance, lower net worth assets living arrangements -closely linked to income, health status and availability of caregivers -2/3 of non-institutionalized elders live with someone else -women are more likely to live alone How many elders live in nursing homes? 5% 3/4 of nursing home residents are male or female? Female More than half of nursing home residents are what age? 85+ 2010 Elders: Whites 80% 2010 Elders: Blacks 9% 2010 Elders: Hispanic 7% 2010 Elders:Asian 3% 2050 Projection of Elders: White 58% 2050 Projection of Elders: Blacks 11% 2050 Projection of Elders: Hispanic 15% 2050 Projection of Elders: Asian 8% Greatest number of elders lives in California Greatest proportion of elders live in Florida Geographical Distribution of Elders 2/5 live in southern states -more than half live in 10 states: CA, FL, IL, MI, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, TX in 1970, how many elders lived in poverty? 25% In 2006 how many elders lived in poverty? less than 9% Income: Average elder $ made up of. 37% social security 15% asset income 18% pension income 28% earnings Top causes of death for elders (responsible for 2/3 of deaths) 1. Heart Disease 2. Cancer 3. Stroke 4. CLRD (Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease 5. Alzheimers Disease Health Behaviors in Elders generally more favorable than younger poeple ; -less likely to consume large amounts of alcohol, smoke cigarettes, or be overweight Chronic condition of elders impact quality of life Chronic disease are not impacted by former income level and occupational exposure Impairments impacted by former income level and occupational exposure Elder Areas of Improvement physical activity, immunizations (influenza and pneumonia Are male or female elders neglected more often? femals Who are elders more often neglected by? spouse or children Adult Protective Services (APS) states have set up reporting systems for elder neglect or abuse Special problems for elders -may be frail ; -unable to defend themselves ; -vulnerable to telemarketing ; -most common victims of theft or stolen benefit checks Instrumental Needs of Elders: Income Medical costs go up, taxes go down Instrumental Needs of Elders:Housing Continuting-Care Retirement Communities (CCRCS) ; green houses, eden alternatives sprouting up Instrumental Needs of Elders: Personal Care -instrumental tasks, expressive (emotional) tasks, cognitive (mental) tasks, or daily living Medicare Part D Medicare prescription plan Instrumental Needs of Elders: Transportation on average, elders live 10 years after they stop driving Older Americans Act of 1965 (OAA) increased services and protect rights of elders ; -national nutrition programs for elders ; -state and area agencies on aging Binge Drinking for women 4 drinks in an hour Binge Drinking for Men 5 drinks an hour Suicide men are more successful ; women are more likely to attempt Lung Cancer Highest killing cancer Breast Cancer #1 Cancer killer for women Prostate Cancer #1 Cancer killer in men Majority of America White- non hispanic (66%) Racial or Ethnic Minorities in America 34% Minority Below 50% Majority Above 50% disparity not similar/ equal parity equality Secretarys Task Force Report on Black and Minority Health (1985) Landmark report! First case to focus on health disparities Initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health (Race and Health Initiative) Goal: to eliminate racial/ethnic disparities Classifications use to operationalize race and ethnicity -in 1977, classifications standards changed -split apart Asian or Pacific Islander category -add Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic question Categories of race are more.. social than biological self reported data can be.. unreliable Bias Analysis not all ethnic determinations are the exact same ethnicity and race on every questionaire Acculturation becoming more like one culture/starting to identify with one culture Hispanic origin is an ethnicity, not a race! Hispanic Origin` people of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central American, or South American decent, or some other Spanish origin Hispanic Origin: Educational Attainment less likely than any other group -least likely to graduate high school Hispanic Income lower than national average Curarderismo Mexican-American folk medicine Marianismo to be more like Virgin Mary Black Americans People having origin in any of the black racial groups form Africa Blacks: Location more than 1/2 live in southern regions of the U.S. Blacks and Health care many still find it really hard to find access to health care due to descrimination Black Educational Attainment less likely to graduate high school Black Income lower than national average Asian and Pacific Islands two seperate racial groups -bipolar distribution of income and educational attainments -generally concentrated in western states Asian Americans Two large subgroups: Chinese and Filipino Asian Incomes and Education higher income and education attained Chi balance is key to good health (asian) Pacific Islanders large subgroup: Hawaiian. Pacific Islanders Health Care topography of Hawaii makes health care hard to access Pacific Islanders: Income and Education lower American Indians and Alaska Natives Original Inhabitants of America (now only 1.5% of population -economically and socially disadvantaged -relatively poor health and many living in poverty American Indians and Alaska Natives Education and Income low Alaska Natives and American Indians Health beliefs HIGHEST RATES OF DIABETES THAN ANY OTHER GROUP -various tribal groups have distinct customs, languages and beliefs -traditional Indian healing (enphasizing wholeness, balanace and energy) can be counter to Western medicine Native Americans and Health Care Many tribes have their own hospitals and schools (sovereign nations) Indian Health Services (IHS) is within Health and Human Services -responsible for federal health services to Natice Americas and Alaska Natives

AutoIndustry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

AutoIndustry - Essay Example Apart from that there are other renowned companies like Toyota, Mitsubishi, Honda and Suzuki had to close down their factories due to several problems like damage and lack of supply. Many people are optimistic that delivery and shortage of supply of cars from Japan may give a window of opportunity for the domestic manufacturers in the United States market. However this may be hard to achieve because most of the United States car manufacturers are dependent on the Japanese car component manufacturing industries. As a result of the disaster in Japan the global supply chain of the automobile industry have been disrupted. As a result there will be a delay in the delivery of the cars and even the prices of the cars in the US automobile market may rise in the recent years. Japan was a significant exporter of car components, essentially the electrical components to the US automobile companies. Companies like Ford manufacturing hybrid cars used to import the hybrid batteries for their cars f rom the Japanese company Sanyo. Though Sanyo has not been severely affected by the chain of disasters, the companies that supply their components to Sanyo have been affected. Therefore the supply chain has been destroyed (Rall). Japan is the third largest producer of car component for the US automobile industry after Germany and the domestic car component manufacturers. Year Percentage of Parts Import Percentage of Total Parts Market Value of Automotive part imported (in million dollars) 2000 23.2 5.1 14,535 2001 23.0 5.0 13,150 2002 21.0 4.9 13,498 2003 19.7 4.5 13,745 2004 20.2 5.1 15,494 2005 19.4 5.3 16,448 2006 17.6 4.8 15,377 2007 16.1 4.8 14,757 2008 16.2 5.1 13,486 2009 - - 8,774 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 67) The United States car manufacturing companies are dependent on the Japanese car component manufacturing companies for both the original equipments and the after parts. The original equipments are the components that are required at the factories for producing the ca rs. The after parts are the components that are used to replace the old components in a used car. The table shows that Japan has a significant share in the United States car component market. However there is significant drop in the value of import of car parts from Japan to United States in the year 2009. However that drop is due to a fall in demand for new cars in the United States market as an effect of the recession that plagued the country. However, the proportion of import of car parts is consistent with the previous trend. Therefore we can conclude about the dependence of the United States automobile industry on the Japanese Original equipment and after part manufacturing industry. Any adverse effect on the latter market will lead to a supply shortage in the United States automobile industry. The trade balance of car components of United States with Japan has also negative value in the considered period with the highest being 13,017 million dollars deficit in 2007. In United States the top 3 domestic companies have been the General Motors, Ford, and the Chrysler Group. They have been named as the Big Three by the industry. However their share of the car market has decreased significantly from 73.5% in 1995 to about 57% in 2005. In July 2006 Toyota had more sales than the previous second ranking Ford. Similarly Honda had more